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Some engines have the camshaft mounted above, or over, the cylinder
head instead of inside the block (OHC "overhead camshaft" engines).
This arrangement has the advantage of eliminating the added weight of
the rocker arms and push rods; this weight can sometimes make the
valves "float" when you are moving at high speeds. The rocker arm
setup is operated by the camshaft lobe rubbing directly on the
rocker. Stem to rocker clearance is maintained with a hydraulic valve
lash adjuster for "zero" clearance.
The overhead camshaft is also something that we think of as a
relatively new development, but it's not. In 1898 the Wilkinson Motor
Car Company introduced the same feature on a car.
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