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Diesel fuels vary from highly volatile jet fuels and kerosene, to the
heavier furnace oil. Automotive diesel engines are capable of burning
a wide range of fuel between these two extremes. How well a diesel
engine performs with different types of fuel is dependent upon engine
operating conditions and the fuel characteristics. The classification
of commercially available fuel oils has been set up by the American
Society for Testing Materials. Grade 1D fuels range from kerosene to
what is known as intermediate distillates. Grades 2D and 4D each have
progressively higher boiling points and contain more impurities. The
fuels known as high-grade fuels, kerosene, and 1D fuels, contribute a
minimum of engine deposits and corrosion and have less impurities.
Refining the fuels removes the impurities, but it also lowers the
heat value. Therefore, the higher grade fuels develop slightly less
power than the same quantity of low-grade fuels. This is more than
offset by the cost of maintenance repairs in using low-grade fuel.
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