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Water pumps come in many designs, but most include a rotating
impeller, which forces the coolant through the engine block. In most
rear wheel drive cars, the fan is installed on the end of the water
pump shaft. Many water pumps have a spring-loaded seal to avoid
leakage of water around the pump shaft. Modern pumps are fitted with
pre-packed ball bearings, which are sealed at each end to eliminate
the need for lubrication.
Impeller type water pumps must turn rapidly to be efficient, and worn
or loose drive belts can permit slippage which is not easily detected.
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