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There are three types of motors that can be used for windshield
wipers. The permanent "magnet" motor has two ceramic magnets that are
cemented to the field frame and does not use field windings. It needs
less energy than the other types of motor design, but the switch must
be wired in series, creating many areas of resistance. The "shunt
wound" motor provides a very consistent speed, but doesn't provide
much torque upon starting. The "compound" motor wiper has a strong
starting torque and provides consistent speed, but it is the most
expensive.
Most cars have an intermittent wiper system, which permits the driver
to select a delayed wipe that operates only every few seconds. A
representative wiper/washer unit is the wiper assembly, which
incorporates a depressed park system that places the wiper blades
below the hood line in the parked position. The relay control uses a
relay coil, relay armature, and switch assembly. It controls starting
and stopping of the wiper through a latching mechanism. An electric
washer pump is mounted on the gear box section of the wiper. It is
driven by the wiper unit gear assembly.
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