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If the battery hasn't quite gotten "up to snuff" -- or if it's in a
"discharge state" (as it is when you first start your car) -- the
alternator provides electricity, through the voltage regulator, to
charge up the battery. This means that the hardworking alternator has
to power your accessories and the distributor at the same time as it
charges your battery.
The voltage regulator prevents the alternator from charging the
battery above its normal level; this protects the battery.
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