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The torque converter is a type of fluid coupling between the engine
and the gearbox to even out speed changes. The torque converter also
multiplies engine torque.
The torque converter is used as a clutch to send the power (torque)
from the engine to the transmission input shaft. It has three parts;
an impeller connected to the engine's crankshaft, a turbine to turn
the turbine shaft which is connected to the gears, and a stator
between the two. The torque converter is filled with transmission
fluid that is moved by the impeller blades. The stator's vanes catch
the oil thrown off from the impeller, and use it to move the turbine's
blades. When the impeller spins above a certain speed, the turbine
spins, driven by the impeller.
In some designs, the torque converter locks the impeller and the
turbine together when at highway speeds, which increases efficiency.
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